Malvina KODHELAJ, Arjana YLLi
Department of Biotechnology , Faculty of Natyral Sciences, University of Tirana, Albania
*Corresponding author E-mail : malvinakarcini@yahoo.com
Abstract
Beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) in our country is considered as one of the main leguminous plants, and represent a high genetic variability and important for agricultural production. The use of induced mutagenesis techniques is one of the most important methods for the creation of new varieties. Besides the economic benefits, induced mutagenesis techniques also play an important role in the study of genetics and plant development. Numerous climatic changes that have occurred in recent years, its production has undergone a significant reduction. The aim of this study is to evaluate the response of bean plants from Shijak variety after treatment of bean materials with physical and chemical mutagens to shorten the time of flowering and green bean connection. Evidence of reduced production of beans has initiated studies to make possible the elimination of these losses in productivity. One of the problems identified is the abortion of flowers of the beans, so the legumes do not survive due to high temperatures and droughts in this period. Bean seeds are irradiated with gamma radiation of Cs-137, with three doses, and are treated with chemical mutagen dES in three different doses and control, and EMS also in three three different doses and control. Results obtained in the first generation of mutant M1 indicate changes compared to control for the both treatments. There were changes in the maturity period for the two gamma rays doses (100 Gy and 150 Gy). On the other hand, the third dose of dES has provided a diversity of legumes, with bigger seeds and large number of seeds. Changes have been noted in the amount of Chlorophyll pigments related to the acceleration of flowering, where the first doses of dES has given more and fast flowers compared to the control.
Keywords: Chemical mutagen; Chlorophyll pigments, Gamma irradiation Phaseolus vulgaris , Mutation.
